S (A Child : Finding of Fact) [2020] EWCA Civ 1382
Successful appeal against a finding of fact where the judge had applied the wrong standard of proof.

Christopher McWatters is a Family Law practitioner who is highly experienced in all matters involving children. He is also an experienced Immigration practitioner.
Christopher is a highly experienced barrister in all areas of children’s law, including public law, private law as well as international child abduction. He represents parents, guardians, local authorities, family relatives and intervenors at all levels including in the Court of Appeal.
He has significant experience of cases involving complex medical evidence and sexual abuse. Due to his experience as an immigration barrister, he is frequently instructed in cases involving an international dimension, including international adoptions, and has significant experience in judicial reviews.
Christopher is known for his down to earth approach and ability to relate with lay clients, as well as his clear and cogent advocacy.
Christopher accepts instructions through direct access and has a certificate to litigate.
Christopher is a qualified family law arbitrator.
Successful appeal against a finding of fact where the judge had applied the wrong standard of proof.
Successful judicial review against the Secretary of State for the Home Department, where the court concluded that there had been a failure by the SSHD to properly consider relevant psychiatric evidence in making a negative conclusive grounds decision in a human trafficking case.
Appeal against a finding at a re hearing that a child had been injured by her mother’s boyfriend. The appeal was allowed on the basis that the judge was wrong to have confined the ambit of the rehearing when the fresh evidence was relevant, not only to the identification of a possible perpetrator, but also whether the injuries had been inflicted at all.
In this case, the Court of Appeal concluded that the decision of a circuit judge, in dealing with an appeal against an order that there should be no contact between a father and son, had not been invalidated simply because he approached his task by considering whether or not the decision had been ‘plainly wrong’. What mattered was whether or not he had engaged the parties Article 8 Rights, as envisaged in both Re B and Re A.
This case concerned delay and ultimate refusal by the LSC to grant prior authority for the instruction of an independent social worker to perform a parenting and risk assessment of parents. The President of the Family Division provided Guidance on seeking prior authority from the LSC for instructing an expert witness in family proceedings.
Defended the father in care proceedings brought by a local authority, which accused the parents of “baby shaking”. Led by Ian Peddie QC, Chris demonstrated, with the assistance of expert witnesses, that the baby’s death had been caused by undiagnosed congenital rickets, leaving the child prone to fractures and infection.
The court should not delegate decisions over contact to a local authority in private law proceedings.
Christopher has a strong background in immigration law and in particular in the cross-over immigration / family cases which feature in both jurisdictions. Christopher has significant experience representing clients in appeals before the Asylum & Immigration Tribunal, both in the First Tier Tribunal and Upper Tribunal as well as in the Court of Appeal.
Christopher has experience in immigration judicial reviews, including urgent challenges to removals, certification challenges, fresh claim challenges, challenges to unlawful detention, as well as challenges to negative trafficking decisions.
With his strong background as a family practitioner, Christopher has a keen interest in and relevant knowledge for cases that involve an overlap between immigration and family law and cases dealing with inter-country adoption and Article 8 issues arising in both these jurisdictions.
Christopher also provides expert immigration advices in family proceedings.
Christopher accepts instructions via direct access.
The Court of Appeal in Onuzi considered how tribunals should approach appeals against deprivation of British citizenship that had allegedly been obtained by means of fraud The Court was bound by its earlier decision in Chaudhry v Secretary of State for the Home Department [2025] EWCA Civ 16 which held that a tribunal hearing a deprivation appeal had a fact-finding jurisdiction as to whether there had been fraud but could only review the deprivation decision that citizenship had been acquired by means of fraud on public law principles.
Successful judicial review against the Secretary of State for the Home Department where the court concluded that there had been a failure by the SSHD to properly consider relevant psychiatric evidence in making a negative conclusive grounds decision in a human trafficking case while reviewing the deprivation decision only on public law grounds. Mr Onuzi, who had naturalised under a false identity, argued that the Secretary of State should assess what would likely have happened had his fraud been known at the time of his citizenship application, given the flexibility of past “good character” policies. The Court upheld the dismissal of his appeal, finding no public law error, and left unresolved wider questions about how tribunals should apply public law principles in such cases.
Onuzi is yet another case where the lack of detail in the British Nationality Act 1981 as to how tribunals should consider appeals in citizenship…
We are pleased to announce that we will be holding a full-day Private Children Law Conference on Thursday 3rd July 2025 at our Birmingham Chambers,…
MCIArb
Onuzi is yet another case where the lack of detail in the British Nationality Act 1981 as to how tribunals should consider appeals in citizenship…
We are pleased to announce that we will be holding a full-day Private Children Law Conference on Thursday 3rd July 2025 at our Birmingham Chambers,…